Epidemiology of Bio-Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Epidemiology of Bio-Terrorism - Essay Example Terrorism donned a new role and it took the form of bio-terrorism in which hazardous chemicals were used to attack people. Anthrax was the first material used in bio-terrorism. (Grey, 2006). The article provides a complete picture of the stages in which anthrax affects a person. But the article fails to explain the methods adopted by the terrorists who perform this task. The epidemiological framework consists of various methods and modules. During the 1800’s and 1900’s, people in America were affected by Bacillus Anthracis. People who were in direct contact with the animal products and its related industries were the only victims. (Jernigan, 1996). In the mid-1900’s, America saw the first case of inhalational anthrax. In this case, anthrax was purposely used to attack a person. People who came in direct contact with it were affected by this bacterium. People who worked in the postal department were most prone to getting affected by this disease. The patient’s clinical data was collected and tested and the reports confirmed that these people were affected by inhalational anthrax. (Koehler, 2003). It is one of the epidemic diseases and each of the affected patient’s exhibited different symptoms but most of them had fever, chills and fatigue. The patients were treated with median incubation after which they were given certain antibiotics. Pleural effusion was the common problem in all the patients who were affected by anthracis. Though antibiotics were given, some of them showed no signs of improvement. (Guillemin, 2004).The complication depended on the case history of the patients. Inhalational anthrax affected the chest of the person who inhales it. It was a common phenomenon and chest x-ray of the patients revealed certain abnormalities in the chest. Though the counts of white blood corpuscles of most of the patients were normal, they showed some

Charles Shults :: essays research papers

PEANUTS The comic strip PEANUTS has always been a favorite of mine, and most of America’s. It’s been a hit ever since the first PEANUTS comic strip was printed on October 2nd 1950 in seven U.S. daily newspapers. Charles Shultz, the inventor of this imaginative comic strip, still comes up with every PEANUTS strip for the Sunday papers. He leaped from job to job after completing his art’s program, he was even an art teacher for a while, but finally made it to the top. His original comic strip was called "Lil’ Folks" but because of political issues he was forced to change it to PEANUTS. It is now the longest running and most popular of all comics. It was also one of the first comics ever to have more than a few characters. In fact in Shultz’s strip there were about twelve actual reoccurring characters, of which I am about to share with you along with a brief description of each. First off, of course, is Charlie Brown. He wins your heart with his losing ways. It always rains on his parade, his baseball game, and his life. He’s an stong willed boy who is afraid of arguments. Although he is concerned with the true meaning of life, his friends sometimes call him "blockhead." Other than his knack for putting himself down, there are few sharp edges of wit in that head of his; usually he’s the butt of a joke, not the joker. He can be spotted a mile away in his sweater with the zig zag trim, head down, hands in pockets, headed for Lucy’s psychiatric booth. He is considerate, friendly and polite and we love him knowing that he’ll never win a baseball game, or the heart of the the little red-haired girl, kick the football Lucy is holding or fly a kite successfully. His friends call him "wishy-washy," but his spirit will never give up in his quest to be all that he can be. Next on the list of introductions should be none other that Lucy Van Pelt, since I mentioned her once before. Lucy works hard at being bossy, crabby and selfish. She is loud and yells a lot. Her smiles and motives are rarely pure. She’s a know-it-all who gives out advice whether you want it or not--and for Charlie Brown, there’s a charge. She’s a real grouch, with only one or two soft spots, and both of them may be Schroeder, who prefers Beethoven.

Japan’s Economic Malaise Essay

An affluent economy has the dynamics to identify their financial strength and prosperity by the principles they practice and execute. However, when a country becomes overly confident on their abilities to remain consistent as a global power they become vulnerable to complacency. A nation’s economic wealth becomes susceptible when they no longer recognize the potential risks that may lead their country to either a recession or total collapse of their economy. Japan’s economic malaise clearly articulates how the country’s failure to recognize the strategies they set for their nation would lead to one of the biggest economic catastrophes in the world. Japanese Economy Stagnated Beginning in the early 1980’s up to 1989, Japan’s economy had grew at a record pace. The Nikkei stock market was up over 600 percent and property prices reached levels never seen before. Society was recognizing a wealthy standard of living that boasted the world’s second largest economy. By early 1989, Japan would experience an improbable market crash that would eventually devastate their hope for continued success. In addition, property prices began to drop significantly in response to the stock market’s immediate downfall. The simultaneous reaction of Japan’s stock market and property prices led to deflationary issues throughout the country. Deflation occurs when there is a continuous fall in prices. The fall in prices become the beginning of a greater issue. Consumers and businesses begin losing confidence in the economy by trying to minimize the amount of cash they spend and begin saving more to survive. Optimism levels drop dramatically causing a pattern of ambiguity on whether their country has the ability to recover. While Japan was beginning to endure their setbacks, banks began to eliminate lending as property prices began a downward spiral. Debt rose to extreme levels and many businesses started to notice their financials were diminishing causing them to tighten their expenses, decrease their staffs, wages, and salaries. The resulting factors led Japan into one of the deepest recessions of their history. For the last 20 years, Japan’s stagnate economy continues to sequence through a deflationary cycle. Lessons and the Deflationary Spiral Although there have been modest improvements, Japan recognizes the challenges that lie ahead in order to restore the economy they once had. Some of the lessons that other nations can learn from Japan’s last 20 years are to incorporate a strategy and vision for their country. In addition, they must be cognizant of how deflation can vividly affect a country’s wealth and how a deflationary cycle can disturb its chances to prosper. While it is important to understand some of the lessons that other nations can learn from Japan, it is vitally essential for countries to know how to avoid a deflationary spiral. One of the ways a country can avoid a deflationary spiral is to embrace a continuous strive for economic development through education and job growth. As of June 2012, Japan’s unemployment rate stood at 4.6% compared to 2.0% in 1989. Job creation and education promote opportunities that have the potential to turnaround a deflationary spiral. Japan’s Economy to Prosperity Lastly, by recognizing how Japan continues to have difficulties with deflation their struggles offer some opportunities that they can utilize to enhance their economy’s wealth. According to Hill (2013), Japan could reverse this trend by increasing immigration or boosting the birthrate, but neither of these seem likely at the moment (Hill, 2013, p.96). Although Hill has reservations on whether immigration or boosting the birthdate may not be likely due to a cynical population, Japan must evaluate all of their options in order to persevere. In addition to the potential of increasing immigration and boosting the birthrate, Japan should also consider raising their sales tax. If Japan raises their sales tax of 5% in increments of 1.0% each year over the next five years, they will be able to offset some of their discretionary costs such as welfare and other governmental benefits to help ease some of the deflation they are enduring. While there may be many options to get Japan’s economy moving again one of the most advantageous methods is to evaluate how they fell into a deflationary spiral. Japan must acknowledge and learn from their inaccuracies by developing productive procedures that incorporate inflexible checks and balances in order to recognize their faults and establish an economical plan that will restore hope and optimism with in the Japanese population. Conclusion Japan’s economy has gone through significant challenges over the last two decades. By recognizing how Japan continues to have a stagnated economy, the lessons learned to prevent other countries to fall victim, how to avoid the deflationary spiral, and how to reinvigorate Japan’s economy, leaders can gather great insight on how to manage their own economies. In the international world of business transactions and economic trends, countries must exercise good intentions for their nation and maximize sound judgment in a way that promotes confidence and assurance that they are making the right decisions. Japan’s economic malaise over the last 20 years proves the importance and severity of what can happen if a country lacks the vision and strategy to succeed. References Fingleton, E. (2012, January 6). The Myth of Japan’s Failure. NY Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com Hill, C. (2013). International Business, Competing in the Global Marketplace (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Irwin. Shilling, G. (2012, June 4). Japan’s Debt Sustains a Deflationary Depression. Bloomberg News. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com

Justice and the Soul in Platos Republic - 1031 Words

One of the core arguments of Book IV of The Republic lays out a psychological theory, according to which, the soul has three parts, or faculties, or types of motivation. Plato’s argument begins with the observation that souls contain conflict; Conflict in the soul implies different parts that are opposed to each other (436b-438a). Desire is opposed by the calculating part of the soul (438a-439d). Spirit is different from both desire and the calculating part (439e-441c). Therefore, from (1), (2), and (3), the parts of the soul are identical in number and function with the parts of the city (441c). Therefore, virtue in the individual person will be structured the same way as virtue in the city (441c-442d). Plato sees inner conflict†¦show more content†¦Therefore proving Socrates right to have called justice the virtue of the soul (by premise 4) in his discourse with Thrasymachus. If the soul is as Plato described it, it will function smoothly only though the rule of its calculating function and well-trained expression of its spirited part. Anyone who has experienced inner conflict would agree that existence is more desirable with out it. Moreover, since the calculating part recognizes the demands of morality, it’s rule within the soul will produce actions most in accord with the strictures of ethics. Thus the soul that functions best by nature will also be the best behaved: the just soul is a happy soul. Furthermore, Socrates as argued that the well-organized soul, which he makes analogous with the just city, is the healthy soul. However, when Glaucon and Adeimantus initially challenged Socrates to show that the just man could be happy despite his misfortune, they meant one who was just in the ordinary sense of the word, one who performed actions through the convention of society were deemed to be just. Socrates’ definition consists in a balance of power among parts of the soul, even supposing that someone with a soul in the condition would enjoy life more than anyone who is in a state of mental anguish, what good does that do to the one who obeys legal and moral rules. Socrates suggests that those with just souls, when they behave according to conventional rules of justice, do so not out of blind adherence toShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Egoist in Platos Republic Essay989 Words   |  4 Pagesof ethical egoism is displayed in Book I of Platos The Republic. In this Book, Plato introduces the idea of ethical egoism, explains the political problem posed by it, and addresses the problem through the words of Socrates. I will use this paper to explain and clarify the arguments for and against the concept of ethical egoism, with specific focus on the political problem it poses and the proper approach to addressing that problem, in terms of Platos social philosophy. Before addressing theRead MoreThe Soul And Consciousness Of Revolutionary Politics1482 Words   |  6 PagesThe Soul and Consciousness of Revolutionary Politics Steven Umbrello Table of Contents I Introduction 3 II The Soul and the Essence 3 III Justice and Revolutionary Consciousness 5 IV Degeneration and Global Revolution (ideology) 6 V Psychology of Political Duty and Freedom 7 VI Conclusion 7 VII Bibliography 8 I In this short paper I will be comparing and contrasting the political psychologyRead MoreIs Plato s The Republic? Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesalso have similar influences on people. One such text is Plato’s The Republic. As said by Professor Jon Dorbolo of Oregon State University, â€Å"The Republic is considered by many to be Plato s masterwork. It certainly is one of the most important texts of political theory.† While reading this text, several different messages begin to reveal themselves throughout the text. 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It gives Republic a purposeRead MorePlatos Moral Theory Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesWhen Plato’s Republic was introduced in my coursework, I approached this book just like other books that I have read. But the Republic is not written like a typical textbook, but rather, like a living conversation. And like most conversations, it develops important ideas to improve our lives. As you read this book, you notice a main idea that Plato is trying to convey: why a person should bother to be good. But in order to be good, the Republic opens with asking the reader what is justice. Plato